心血管病患者感染后应坚持合理用药******
心血管病患者感染后应坚持合理用药(服务窗·科学防疫)
冬春季天气较冷，如果经常劳累、激动、饱餐，心脏病、高血压等心血管病的发病率会增加。发烧时心跳加快是否正常？心血管病患者感染新冠病毒是否会加重原有病情？如何合理用药？记者采访了北京安贞医院常务副院长周玉杰。
发烧是很多人感染新冠病毒后的典型症状。周玉杰说，发烧时心跳加快是正常现象。体温每升高1摄氏度，心率会升高10—12次，当体温超过39摄氏度，心跳会变得很快，甚至可以听到怦怦的心跳声。若心跳快的同时出现心慌气短、动辄气喘的症状，需要及时就医。如果康复期每分钟心跳超过100次，还伴有心慌气短、胸闷症状，要及时去医院查心肌酶、心电图、动态心电图、心功能等，防止病情加重。
周玉杰表示，有基础心脏病的患者，特别是老年患者，感染新冠病毒后，血管内皮功能发生紊乱，血管斑块容易发生炎性反应，血栓的发生率可能也会增高，导致原有心脏病加重。患者在咳嗽、发烧的时间段容易合并低氧血症。一些老年心血管病患者的症状是沉默型表现，有一种“消音器”效果，表现不像年轻人那么明显。这时候不要“等、拖、耗”，一定要及时送医救治。
均衡营养有益于心血管病控制。周玉杰说，在临床中看到的一些心血管病患者，特别是老年患者，表现为合并低钠血症、低钾血症、一定程度的脱水，但患者没有及时适量补充营养和水电解质，导致营养不良和水电解质紊乱，不利于基础病的控制。家属和医护人员要了解老年人平时在餐桌上吃的是什么，一天吃进去多少，大概吸收多少，代谢和排出多少，以此来调整营养摄入。
心血管病患者需要长期用药，合理用药很关键。周玉杰介绍，很多心脏支架术后患者、心脏搭桥患者都要按照医嘱吃抗血小板药12个月，房颤患者还需要长期使用抗凝药。患者感染新冠病毒后，出现发热等症状需要服用对症治疗药物。心血管病患者居家用药一般都有四五种，与所服用的新冠治疗药物可能互相冲突，使得药效发生变化。比如高血压患者发烧时，吃退烧药会导致血压发生波动，因此要随着血压的变化不断调整用药，防止诱发心脑血管疾病。“建议这类患者及时咨询医生，在医生的指导下，减少不良反应，达到优化治疗目的。”（人民日报 记者 申少铁）
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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